Confidentiality Clauses: Titles 15.2 through 20

TITLE 15.2 COUNTIES, CITIES AND TOWNS

TITLE 15.2. COUNTIES, CITIES AND TOWNS; SUBTITLE I. GENERAL PROVISIONS; CHARTERS; OTHER FORMS AND ORGANIZATION OF COUNTIES; CHAPTER 7. COUNTY MANAGER PLAN OF GOVERNMENT; ARTICLE 2. GENERAL POWERS; COUNTY MANAGER PLAN
§ 15.2-716. Referendum for establishment of department of real estate assessments; board of equalization; general reassessments in county where department established
“The department of real estate assessments may require that the owners of income-producing real estate in the county subject to local taxation, except property producing income solely from the rental of no more than four dwelling units, furnish to the department on or before a time specified by the director of the department statements of the income and expenses attributable over a specified period of time to each such parcel of real estate. Any statement required by this section shall be kept confidential as required by § 58.1-3.”

TITLE 15.2. COUNTIES, CITIES AND TOWNS; SUBTITLE I. GENERAL PROVISIONS; CHARTERS; OTHER FORMS AND ORGANIZATION OF COUNTIES; CHAPTER 7. COUNTY MANAGER PLAN OF GOVERNMENT; ARTICLE 2. GENERAL POWERS; COUNTY MANAGER PLAN
§ 15.2-722. Personnel studies
“Notwithstanding any other provision of law to the contrary, any questionnaires, audit or interview notes, scoring keys, scoring sheets or similar documents pertaining to a classification and compensation study for county employees shall not be considered to be public or official records, except that any employee may inspect and copy any document which the employee has signed or filled out.”

TITLE 15.2. COUNTIES, CITIES AND TOWNS; SUBTITLE II. POWERS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT; CHAPTER 9. GENERAL POWERS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS; ARTICLE 5. ADDITIONAL POWERS
§ 15.2-963. Local offices of consumer affairs; establishment; powers and duties
“To maintain records of consumer complaints and their eventual disposition, provided that records disclosing that business interests of any person, trade secrets, or the names of customers shall be held confidential except to the extent that disclosures of such matters may be necessary for the enforcement of laws. A copy of all periodic reports compiled by any local office of consumer affairs shall be filed with the Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services.”

TITLE 15.2. COUNTIES, CITIES AND TOWNS; SUBTITLE II. POWERS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT; CHAPTER 27. LOCAL GOVERNMENT GROUP SELF-INSURANCE POOLS; ARTICLE 7. MISCELLANEOUS
§ 15.2-2708. Exemptions from disclosure
“Information regarding that portion of the funds or liability reserve of a pool established for purposes of satisfying a specific pending and unresolved claim or cause of action shall be exempt from disclosure under the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (§ 2.2-3700 et seq.).”

TITLE 15.2. COUNTIES, CITIES AND TOWNS; SUBTITLE III. BOUNDARY ADJUSTMENTS AND CHANGES OF STATUS OF COUNTIES, CITIES AND TOWNS; CHAPTER 29. COMMISSION ON LOCAL GOVERNMENT
§ 15.2-2907. Actions for annexation, immunity, establishment of city, etc.; investigations and reports by Commission; negotiation
“Except for any hearing or meeting specifically required by law, §2.2-3700 et seq [the Virginia Freedom of Information Act] shall not be applicable to the Commission nor meetings convened by members of the Commission, its employees, or by its designated mediators with local governing bodies or members thereof, nor shall such chapter be applicable to meetings of local governing bodies, or members thereof, held for purpose of negotiating any issues which are or would be subject to the Commission’s review.”

TITLE 15.2. COUNTIES, CITIES AND TOWNS; SUBTITLE IV. OTHER GOVERNMENTAL ENTITIES; CHAPTER 45. TRANSPORTATION DISTRICT ACT OF 1964; ARTICLE 3. INCORPORATION OF DISTRICT; CREATION, ORGANIZATION, ETC. OF COMMISSION
§ 15.2-4511. Meetings of commission
“Regular meetings of the commission shall be held at least once every month at such time and place as the commission shall from time to time prescribe. Special meetings of the commission shall be held upon mailed notice, or actual notice otherwise given, to each commission member upon call of the chairman or any two commission members, at such time and in such place within the district as such notice may specify, or at such other time and place with or without notice as all commission members may expressly approve. All regular and special meetings of the commission shall be open to the public, but the public shall not be entitled to any notice other than provided herein. Unless a meeting is called for the purpose of a public hearing, members of the public shall have no right to be heard or otherwise participate in the proceedings of the meeting, except to the extent the chairman may in specific instances grant. All commission records shall be public records.”

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TITLE 16.1 COURTS NOT OF RECORD

TITLE 16.1. COURTS NOT OF RECORD; CHAPTER 10. VIRGINIA JUVENILE JUSTICE INFORMATION SYSTEM; ARTICLE 2. PROCEDURE IN CRIMINAL CASES
§ 16.1-223. Receipt, etc., of data; forms for reports; confidentiality
“A. The Virginia Juvenile Justice Information System shall receive, classify and file data reported to it pursuant to § 16.1-224. The Director is authorized to prepare and furnish to all court service personnel automated data processing equipment, which shall be used for making the data submissions.

B. Data stored in the Virginia Juvenile Justice Information System shall be confidential, and information from such data that may be used to identify a juvenile may be released only in accordance with §16.1-300.

The data submissions may be made available to the Central Criminal Records Exchange or any other automated data processing system, unless the data is identifiable with a particular juvenile. The State Board of Juvenile Justice shall promulgate regulations governing the security and confidentiality of the data submission. “

TITLE 16.1. COURTS NOT OF RECORD; CHAPTER 11. JUVENILE AND DOMESTIC RELATIONS DISTRICT COURTS; ARTICLE 9. DISPOSITION
§ 16.1-287. Transfer of information upon commitment; information to be furnished by and to local school boards
“Whenever the court commits a child to the Department of Juvenile Justice, or to any other institution or agency, it shall transmit with the order of commitment copies of the clinical reports, predisposition study and other information it has pertinent to the care and treatment of the child. The Department shall not be responsible for any such committed child until it has received the court order and the information concerning the child. All local school boards shall be required to furnish the Department promptly with any information from their files that the Department deems to be necessary in the classification, evaluation, placement or treatment of any child committed to the Department. The Department shall likewise be required to furnish local school boards academic, and career and technical education and related achievement information promptly from its files that the local school board may deem necessary when children are returned to the community from the Department’s care. The Department and other institutions or agencies shall give to the court such information concerning the child as the court at any time requires. All such information shall be treated as confidential. “

TITLE 16.1. COURTS NOT OF RECORD; CHAPTER 11. JUVENILE AND DOMESTIC RELATIONS DISTRICT COURTS; ARTICLE 11. APPEAL
§ 16.1-296. Jurisdiction of appeals; procedure
“Upon receipt of notice of such appeal the juvenile court shall forthwith transmit to the attorney for the Commonwealth a report incorporating the results of any investigation conducted pursuant to § 16.1-273, which shall be confidential in nature and made available only to the court and the attorney for the defendant (i) after the guilt or innocence of the accused has been determined or (ii) after the court has made its findings on the issues subject to appeal.”

TITLE 16.1. COURTS NOT OF RECORD; CHAPTER 11. JUVENILE AND DOMESTIC RELATIONS DISTRICT COURTS; ARTICLE 12. CONFIDENTIALITY AND EXPUNGEMENT
§ 16.1-300. Confidentiality of Department records
“The social, medical, psychiatric and psychological reports and records of children who are or have been (i) before the court, (ii) under supervision, or (iii) receiving services from a court service unit or who are committed to the Department of Juvenile Justice shall be confidential and shall be open for inspection only to the following:
1. The judge, prosecuting attorney, probation officers and professional staff assigned to serve a court having the child currently before it in any proceeding; 2. Any public agency, child welfare agency, private organization, facility or person who is treating the child pursuant to a contract with the Department; 3. The child’s parent, guardian, legal custodian or other person standing in loco parentis and the child’s attorney; 4. Any person who previously has been a ward of the Department and who has reached the age of majority and requests access to his own records or reports; 5. Any state agency providing funds to the Department of Juvenile Justice and required by the federal government to monitor or audit the effectiveness of programs for the benefit of juveniles which are financed in whole or in part by federal funds; 6. Any other person, agency or institution, by order of the court, having a legitimate interest in the case or in the work of the court; 7. Any person, agency, organization or institution outside the Department which, at the Department’s request, is conducting research or evaluation on the work of the Department or any of its divisions.
A designated individual treating or responsible for the treatment of a person who was previously a ward of the Department may inspect such reports and records as are kept by the Department on such person or receive copies thereof, when the person who is the subject of the reports and records or his parent, guardian, legal custodian or other person standing in loco parentis if the person is under the age of eighteen, provides written authorization to the Department prior to the release of such reports and records for inspection or copying to the designated individual.”
§16.1-305 states the same thing in regard to the confidentiality of court records of juveniles.

TITLE 16.1. COURTS NOT OF RECORD; CHAPTER 11. JUVENILE AND DOMESTIC RELATIONS DISTRICT COURTS; ARTICLE 12. CONFIDENTIALITY AND EXPUNGEMENT
§ 16.1-301(A). Confidentiality of law-enforcement records
“A. The court shall require all law-enforcement agencies to take special precautions to ensure that law-enforcement records concerning a juvenile are protected against disclosure to any unauthorized person. The police departments of the cities of the Commonwealth, and the police departments or sheriffs of the counties, as the case may be, shall keep separate records as to violations of law other than violations of motor vehicle laws committed by juveniles. Such records with respect to such juvenile shall not be open to public inspection nor their contents disclosed to the public unless a juvenile fourteen years of age or older is charged with a violent juvenile felony as specified in subsections B and C of § 16.1-269.1. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the chief of police or sheriff of a jurisdiction or his designee may disclose, for the protection of the juvenile, his fellow students and school personnel, to the school principal that a juvenile is a suspect in or has been charged with (i) a violent juvenile felony, as specified in subsections B and C of § 16.1-269.1; (ii) a violation of any of the provisions of Article 1 (§ 18.2-77 et seq.) of Chapter 5 of Title 18.2; or (iii) a violation of law involving any weapon as described in subsection A of § 18.2-308.”

TITLE 16.1. COURTS NOT OF RECORD; CHAPTER 11. JUVENILE AND DOMESTIC RELATIONS DISTRICT COURTS; ARTICLE 12. CONFIDENTIALITY AND EXPUNGEMENT
§ 16.1-302. Dockets, indices and order books; when hearings and records private; right to public hearing; presence of juvenile in court
“The general public shall be excluded from all juvenile court hearings and only such persons admitted as the judge shall deem proper. However, proceedings in cases involving an adult charged with a crime and hearings held on a petition or warrant alleging that a juvenile fourteen years of age or older committed an offense which would be a felony if committed by an adult shall be open. Subject to the provisions of subsection D for good cause shown, the court may, sua sponte or on motion of the accused or the attorney for the Commonwealth close the proceedings. If the proceedings are closed, the court shall state in writing its reasons and the statement shall be made a part of the public record.”

TITLE 16.1. COURTS NOT OF RECORD; CHAPTER 11. JUVENILE AND DOMESTIC RELATIONS DISTRICT COURTS; ARTICLE 12. CONFIDENTIALITY AND EXPUNGEMENT
§ 16.1-303. Reports of court officials and employees when privileged
“All information obtained in discharge of official duties by any official or by any employee of the court shall be privileged, and shall not be disclosed to anyone other than the judge unless and until otherwise ordered by the judge or by the judge of a circuit court; provided, however, that in any case when such information shall disclose that an offense has been committed which would be a felony if committed by an adult, it shall be the duty of the official or employee of the court obtaining such information to report the same promptly to the attorney for the Commonwealth or the police in the county, city or town where the offense occurred. It shall not be deemed a violation of this section if the disclosed information is otherwise available to the public.”

TITLE 16.1. COURTS NOT OF RECORD; CHAPTER 11. JUVENILE AND DOMESTIC RELATIONS DISTRICT COURTS; ARTICLE 12. CONFIDENTIALITY AND EXPUNGEMENT
§ 16.1-309. Penalty
“Except as provided in § § 16.1-299, 16.1-300, 16.1-301, 16.1-305 and 16.1-307, any person who (i) files a petition, (ii) receives a petition or has access to court records in an official capacity, (iii) participates in the investigation of allegations which form the basis of a petition, (iv) is interviewed concerning such allegations and whose information is derived solely from such interview or (v) is present during any court proceeding, who discloses or makes use of or knowingly permits the use of identifying information not otherwise available to the public concerning a juvenile who is suspected of being or is the subject of a proceeding within the jurisdiction of the juvenile court pursuant to subdivisions 1 through 5 of subsection A of § 16.1-241 or who is in the custody of the State Department of Juvenile Justice, which information is directly or indirectly derived from the records or files of a law-enforcement agency, court or the Department of Juvenile Justice or acquired in the course of official duties, shall be guilty of a Class 3 misdemeanor. The provisions of this section shall not apply to any law-enforcement officer or school employee who discloses to school personnel identifying information concerning a juvenile who is suspected of committing or has committed a delinquent act that has met applicable criteria of § 16.1-260 and is committed or alleged to have been committed on school property during a school-sponsored activity or on the way to or from such activity, if the disclosure is made solely for the purpose of enabling school personnel to take appropriate disciplinary action within the school setting against the juvenile. Further, the provisions of this section shall not apply to school personnel who disclose information obtained pursuant to § § 16.1-305.1 and 22.1-288.2, if the disclosure is made solely to enable school personnel to take appropriate actions within the school setting with regard to the juvenile or another student.”

TITLE 16.1. COURTS NOT OF RECORD; CHAPTER 11. JUVENILE AND DOMESTIC RELATIONS DISTRICT COURTS; ARTICLE 14.1. SERIOUS OR HABITUAL OFFENDER COMPREHENSIVE ACTION PROGRAM
§ 16.1-330.1. Definition; establishment of program; disclosure of information; penalty
“All records and reports concerning serious or habitual juvenile offenders made available to members of a SHOCAP committee and all records and reports identifying an individual offender which are generated by the committee from such reports shall be confidential and shall not be disclosed, except as specifically authorized by this article or other applicable law. Disclosure of the information may be made to other staff from member agencies as authorized by the SHOCAP committee for the furtherance of case management, community supervision, conduct control and locating of the offender for the application and coordination of appropriate services. Staff from the member agencies who receive such information will be governed by the confidentiality provisions of this article. The staff from the member agencies who will qualify to have access to the SHOCAP information shall be limited to those individuals who provide direct services to the offender or who provide community conduct control and supervision to the offender. The provisions of this article authorizing information sharing between and among SHOCAP committees shall take precedence over the provisions of (i) Article 12 (§ 16.1-299 et seq.) of Chapter 11 of this title governing dissemination of court and law-enforcement records concerning juveniles, (ii) Article 5 (§ 22.1-287 et seq.) of Chapter 14 of Title 22.1 governing access to pupil records, (iii) Title 37.1 and any regulations enacted pursuant thereto governing access to juvenile mental health records, and (iv) Title 63.1 and any regulations enacted pursuant thereto governing access to records concerning treatments or services provided to a juvenile.”

TITLE 16.1. COURTS NOT OF RECORD; CHAPTER 11. JUVENILE AND DOMESTIC RELATIONS DISTRICT COURTS; ARTICLE 16. PSYCHIATRIC INPATIENT TREATMENT OF MINORS ACT
§ 16.1-344. Involuntary commitment; hearing
“The court shall summon to the hearing all material witnesses requested by either the minor or the petitioner. All testimony shall be under oath. The rules of evidence shall apply; however, the evaluator’s report required by § 16.1-342 shall be admissible into evidence by stipulation of the parties. The petitioner, minor and, with leave of court for good cause shown, any other person shall be given the opportunity to present evidence and cross-examine witnesses. The hearing shall be closed to the public unless the minor and petitioner request that it be open.”

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TITLE 17.1 COURTS OF RECORD

TITLE 17.1. COURTS OF RECORD; CHAPTER 9 JUDICIAL INQUIRY AND REVIEW COMMISSION
§ 17.1-913. Confidentiality of papers and proceedings
“All papers filed with and proceedings before the Commission, and under §§ 17.1-909 and 17.1-910, including the identification of the subject judge as well as all testimony and other evidence and any transcript thereof made by a reporter, shall be confidential and shall not be divulged, other than to the Commission, by any person who (i) either files a complaint with the Commission, or receives such complaint in an official capacity; (ii) investigates such complaint; (iii) is interviewed concerning such complaint by a member, employee or agent of the Commission; or (iv) participates in any proceeding of the Commission or in the official recording or transcription thereof, except that the record of any proceeding filed with the Supreme Court shall lose its confidential character. However, if the Commission finds cause to believe that any witness under oath has willfully and intentionally testified falsely, the Commission may direct the chairman or one of its members to report such finding and the details leading thereto including any transcript thereof to the attorney for the Commonwealth of the city or county where such act occurred for such disposition as to a charge of perjury as the Commonwealth may be advised. In any subsequent prosecution for perjury based thereon, the proceedings before the Commission relevant thereto shall lose their confidential character.

“All records of proceedings before the Commission which are not filed with the Supreme Court in connection with a formal complaint filed with that tribunal, shall be kept in the confidential files of the Commission.

“However, a judge who is under investigation by the Commission, or any person authorized by him, may divulge information pertaining to a complaint filed against such judge as may be necessary for the judge to investigate the allegations in the complaint in preparation for the proceedings before the Commission. “

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TITLE 18.2 CRIMES

TITLE 18.2. CRIMES AND OFFENSES GENERALLY; CHAPTER 4. CRIMES AGAINST THE PERSON; ARTICLE 7. CRIMINAL SEXUAL ASSAULT
§ 18.2-62(C). Testing of certain persons for human immunodeficiency virus
“C. Confirmatory tests shall be conducted before any test result shall be determined to be positive. The results of the tests for infection with human immunodeficiency virus shall be confidential as provided in § 32.1-36.1; however, the Department of Health shall also disclose the results to any victim and offer appropriate counseling as provided by subsection B of § 32.1-37.2. The Department shall conduct surveillance and investigation in accordance with § 32.1-39. ” §18.2-346-1 states the same thing in regard to the testing of convicted prostitutes for infection with HIV.

TITLE 18.2. CRIMES AND OFFENSES GENERALLY; CHAPTER 7. CRIMES INVOLVING HEALTH AND SAFETY; ARTICLE 5. UNIFORM MACHINE GUN ACT
§ 18.2-295. Registration of machine guns
“Every machine gun in this Commonwealth shall be registered with the Department of State Police within twenty-four hours after its acquisition or, in the case of semi-automatic weapons which are converted, modified or otherwise altered to become machine guns, within twenty-four hours of the conversion, modification or alteration. To comply with this section the application as filed shall be notarized and shall show the model and serial number of the gun, the name, address and occupation of the person in possession, and from whom and the purpose for which, the gun was acquired or altered. Registration data shall not be subject to inspection by the public.”

TITLE 18.2. CRIMES AND OFFENSES GENERALLY; CHAPTER 8. CRIMES INVOLVING MORALS AND DECENCY; ARTICLE 1.1:1. CHARITABLE GAMING
§ 18.2-340.19(2). Regulations of the Commission
The Commission “2. Require[s] the organization to have at least fifty percent of its membership consist of residents of the Commonwealth and specify the conditions under which a complete list of the organization’s members who participate in the management, operation or conduct of charitable gaming may be required in order for the Commission to ascertain the percentage of Virginia residents; however, if an organization (i) does not consist of bona fide members and (ii) is exempt under § 501 (c) (3) of the United States Internal Revenue Code, the Commission shall exempt such organizations from the regulations adopted pursuant to this subdivision.

Membership lists furnished to the Commission in accordance with this subdivision shall not be a matter of public record and shall be exempt from disclosure under the provisions of the Freedom of Information Act (§ 2.2-3700 et seq.).

TITLE 18.2. CRIMES AND OFFENSES GENERALLY; CHAPTER 8. CRIMES INVOLVING MORALS AND DECENCY; ARTICLE 1.1:1. CHARITABLE GAMING
§ 18.2-340.34. Suppliers of charitable gaming supplies; registration; qualification; suspension, revocation or refusal to renew certificate; maintenance, production, and release of records
This provision discusses suppliers of charitable gaming supplies and what information they need to provide to the Commission. “All documents and other information of a proprietary nature furnished to the Commission in accordance with this subsection shall not be a matter of public record and shall be exempt from disclosure under the provisions of the Freedom of Information Act (§ 2.2-3700 et seq.).”

TITLE 18.2. CRIMES AND OFFENSES GENERALLY; CHAPTER 8. CRIMES INVOLVING MORALS AND DECENCY; ARTICLE 3. SEXUAL OFFENSES, PROSTITUTION, ETC
§ 18.2-346.1. Testing of convicted prostitutes for infection with human immunodeficiency virus
“As soon as practicable following conviction of any person for violation of § 18.2-346 or § 18.2-361, such person shall be required to submit to testing for infection with human immunodeficiency virus. Tests shall be conducted to confirm any initial positive test results before any test result shall be determined to be positive for infection. The results of such test shall be confidential as provided in § 32.1-36.1 and shall be disclosed to the person who is the subject of the test and to the Department of Health as required by § 32.1-36.”

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TITLE 19.2 CRIMINAL PROCEDURE

TITLE 19.2. CRIMINAL PROCEDURE; CHAPTER 6. INTERCEPTION OF WIRE, ELECTRONIC OR ORAL COMMUNICATIONS
§ 19.2-67. Disclosure of information obtained by authorized means
“A. Any investigative or law-enforcement officer, or police officer of a county or city, who, by any means authorized by this chapter, has obtained knowledge of the contents of any wire, electronic or oral communication, or evidence derived therefrom, may disclose such contents to another investigative or law-enforcement officer, or police officer of a county or city, to the extent that such disclosure is appropriate to the proper performance of the official duties of the officer making or receiving the disclosure.
B. Any investigative or law-enforcement officer or police officer of a county or city, who, by any means authorized by this chapter, has obtained knowledge of the contents of any wire, electronic or oral communication or evidence derived therefrom may use such contents to the extent such use is appropriate to the proper performance of his official duties.
C. Any person who has received, by any means authorized by this chapter, any information concerning a wire, electronic or oral communication, or evidence derived therefrom intercepted in accordance with the provisions of this chapter may disclose the contents of that communication or such derivative evidence while giving testimony under oath or affirmation in any criminal proceeding for an offense specified in § 19.2-66, or any conspiracy or attempt to commit the same, in any court of the United States or of any state or in any federal or state grand jury proceeding.
D. No wire, electronic or oral communication which is a privileged communication between the parties to the conversation which is intercepted in accordance with, or in violation of, the provisions of this chapter shall lose its privileged character, nor shall it be disclosed or used in any way.
E. When an investigative or law-enforcement officer, or police officer of a county or city, while engaged in intercepting wire, electronic or oral communications in the manner authorized herein, or observing or monitoring such interception intercepts, observes or monitors wire, electronic or oral communications relating to offenses other than those specified in the order of authorization, the contents thereof, and evidence derived therefrom, shall not be disclosed or used as provided in subsections A, B and C of this section, unless such communications or derivative evidence relates to a felony, in which case use or disclosure may be made as provided in subsections A, B and C of this section. Such use and disclosure pursuant to subsection C of this section shall be permitted only when approved by a judge of competent jurisdiction where such judge finds, on subsequent application, that such communications were otherwise intercepted in accordance with the provisions of this chapter. Violations of this subsection E shall be punishable as provided in § 19.2-62.”

TITLE 19.2. CRIMINAL PROCEDURE; CHAPTER 6. INTERCEPTION OF WIRE, ELECTRONIC OR ORAL COMMUNICATIONS
§ 19.2-68. Application for and issuance of order authorizing interception; contents of order; recording and retention of intercepted communications, applications and orders; notice to parties; introduction in evidence of information obtained
“Each application for an order authorizing the interception of a wire, electronic or oral communication shall be made in writing upon oath or affirmation to the appropriate judge of competent jurisdiction and shall state the applicant’s authority to make such application. Applications made and orders granted or denied under this chapter shall be sealed by the judge. Custody of the applications and orders shall be wherever the judge directs. Such applications and orders shall be disclosed only upon a showing of good cause before a judge of competent jurisdiction and shall not be destroyed except on order of the issuing or denying judge, and in any event shall be kept for ten years.”

TITLE 19.2. CRIMINAL PROCEDURE; CHAPTER 9. BAIL AND RECOGNIZANCES; ARTICLE 1. BAIL
§ 19.2-123(B). Release of accused on unsecured bond or promise to appear; conditions of release
In any jurisdiction where there is a pretrial service agency that provides a drug testing program, any person charged with the crime can be requested to give a urine sample. “B…This sample may be analyzed for the presence of phencyclidine (PCP), barbiturates, cocaine, opiates or such other drugs as the agency may deem appropriate prior to any hearing to establish bail. All test results shall be confidential with access thereto limited to judicial officers, the attorney for the Commonwealth, defense counsel and, in cases where a juvenile is tested, the parents or legal guardian or custodian of such juvenile.”

TITLE 19.2. CRIMINAL PROCEDURE; CHAPTER 13. GRAND JURIES; ARTICLE 1. IN GENERAL
§ 19.2-192. Secrecy in grand jury proceedings
“Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, every member of a regular or special grand jury shall keep secret all proceedings which occurred during sessions of the grand jury; provided, however, in a prosecution for perjury of a witness examined before a regular grand jury, a regular grand juror may be required by the court to testify as to the testimony given by such witness before the regular grand jury.”

TITLE 19.2. CRIMINAL PROCEDURE; CHAPTER 13. GRAND JURIES; ARTICLE 3. SPECIAL GRAND JURIES
§ 19.2-213. Report by special grand jury; return of true bill
“At the conclusion of its investigation and deliberation, a special grand jury impanelled by the court on its own motion or on recommendation of a regular grand jury shall file a report of its findings with the court, including therein any recommendations that it may deem appropriate, after which it shall be discharged. Such report shall be sealed and not open to public inspection, other than by order of the court.”

TITLE 19.2. CRIMINAL PROCEDURE; CHAPTER 13. GRAND JURIES; ARTICLE 4. MULTI-JURISDICTION GRAND JURIES
§ 19.2-215.4. Number and qualifications of jurors; grand jury list; when convened; compensation of jurors
“The provisions of § 19.2-192 dealing with secrecy in grand jury proceedings are incorporated herein by reference.”

TITLE 19.2. CRIMINAL PROCEDURE; CHAPTER 13. GRAND JURIES; ARTICLE 4. MULTI-JURISDICTION GRAND JURIES
§ 19.2-215.9. Court reporter provided; safekeeping of transcripts, notes, etc.; when disclosure permitted; access to record of testimony and evidence
” The presiding judge shall cause the notes, tapes and transcriptions or other evidence to be kept safely. Upon motion to the presiding judge, special counsel shall be permitted to review any of the evidence which was presented to the multi-jurisdiction grand jury, and shall be permitted to make notes and to duplicate portions of the evidence as he deems necessary for use in a criminal investigation or proceeding. Special counsel shall maintain the secrecy of all information obtained from a review or duplication of the evidence presented to the multi-jurisdiction grand jury, except that this information may be disclosed pursuant to the provisions of subdivision 2 of § 19.2-215.1.”

TITLE 19.2. CRIMINAL PROCEDURE; CHAPTER 18. SENTENCE; JUDGMENT; EXECUTION OF SENTENCE; ARTICLE 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS
§ 19.2-299(A). Investigations and reports by probation officers in certain cases
When a person is tried in a circuit court (i) for assault and battery, stalking, sexual battery, attempted sexual battery, maiming or driving while intoxicated in violation and is adjudged guilty of such charge, the court may, or on motion of the defendant shall, or (ii) upon a felony charge, the court may direct a probation officer of such court to thoroughly investigate and report upon the history of the accused, including a report of the accused’s criminal record as an adult and available juvenile court records, and all other relevant facts, to fully advise the court so the court may determine the appropriate sentence to be imposed. “The report of the investigating officer shall at all times be kept confidential by each recipient, and shall be filed as a part of the record in the case.”

TITLE 19.2. CRIMINAL PROCEDURE; CHAPTER 18. SENTENCE; JUDGMENT; EXECUTION OF SENTENCE; ARTICLE 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS
§ 19.2-299.1. When Victim Impact Statement required; contents; uses
The presentence report prepared pursuant to § 19.2-299 includes a Victim Impact Statement. The Victim Impact Statement includes the identity of the victim, his/her economic loss and physical and psychological injuries suffered as a result of the offense, details of change in lifestyle as a result of the offense, requests for medical services initiated as a result of the offense, and anything else the court requests. “A Victim Impact Statement shall be kept confidential and shall be sealed upon entry of the sentencing order.”

TITLE 19.2. CRIMINAL PROCEDURE; CHAPTER 21.1. COMPENSATING VICTIMS OF CRIME; ARTICLE 6. RELIEF FROM FINES AND PENALTIES
§ 19.2-368.3. Powers and duties of Commission
The Commission may obtain information and data from the police, district courts, and the Chief Medical Examiner. “The use of any information received by the Commission pursuant to this subdivision shall be limited to carrying out the purposes set forth in this section, and this information shall be confidential and shall not be disseminated further. The agency from which the information is requested may submit original reports, portions thereof, summaries, or such other configurations of information as will comply with the requirements of this section.”

TITLE 19.2. CRIMINAL PROCEDURE; CHAPTER 21.1. COMPENSATING VICTIMS OF CRIME; ARTICLE 6. RELIEF FROM FINES AND PENALTIES
§ 19.2-368.6. Assignment of claims; investigation; hearing; confidentiality of records; decisions
“The hearing of any claim involving a claimant or victim who is a juvenile shall be closed. All records, papers, and reports involving such claim shall be confidential except as to the amount of the award and nonidentifying information concerning the claimant or victim.”

TITLE 19.2. CRIMINAL PROCEDURE; CHAPTER 21.1. COMPENSATING VICTIMS OF CRIME; ARTICLE 6. RELIEF FROM FINES AND PENALTIES
§ 19.2-368.14. Public record; exception
“Except as provided in § 19.2-368.6 concerning juvenile claimants or victims, the record of any proceedings under this chapter shall be a public record; provided, however, that any record or report obtained by the Commission, the confidentiality of which is protected by any other law or regulation, shall remain confidential, subject to such law or regulation.”

TITLE 19.2. CRIMINAL PROCEDURE; CHAPTER 23.1. EXPUNGEMENT OF CRIMINAL RECORDS
§ 19.2-392.3. Disclosure of expunged records
“It shall be unlawful for any person having or acquiring access to an expunged court or police record to open or review it or to disclose to another person any information from it without an order from the court which ordered the record expunged. Upon a verified petition filed by the attorney for the Commonwealth alleging that the record is needed by a law-enforcement agency for purposes of employment application as an employee of a law-enforcement agency or for a pending criminal investigation and that the investigation will be jeopardized or that life or property will be endangered without immediate access to the record, the court may enter an ex parte order, without notice to the person, permitting such access. An ex parte order may permit a review of the record, but may not permit a copy to be made of it. Any person who willfully violates this section is guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor.”

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TITLE 20 DOMESTIC RELATIONS

TITLE 20. DOMESTIC RELATIONS; CHAPTER 9. STATUS OF CHILDREN OF ASSISTED CONCEPTION; ARTICLE 12. MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
§ 20-160. Petition and hearing for court approval of surrogacy contract; requirements; orders
“Prior to the performance of assisted conception, the intended parents, the surrogate, and her husband shall join in a petition to the circuit court of the county or city in which at least one of the parties resides. All hearings and proceedings conducted under this section shall be held in camera, and all court records shall be confidential and subject to inspection only under the standards applicable to adoptions as provided in § 63.1-235.”

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