By enacting this chapter the General Assembly ensures the people of this Commonwealth ready access to records in the custody of public officials and free entry to meetings of public bodies wherein the business of the people is being conducted. Committees or subcommittees of public bodies created to perform delegated functions of a public body or to advise a public body shall also conduct their meetings and business pursuant to this chapter. The affairs of government are not intended to be conducted in an atmosphere of secrecy since at all times the public is to be the beneficiary of any action taken at any level of government. Unless the public body specifically elects to exercise an exemption provided by this chapter or any other statute, every meeting shall be open to the public and all reports, documents and other material shall be available for disclosure upon request.
This chapter shall be liberally construed to promote an increased awareness by all persons of governmental activities and afford every opportunity to citizens to witness the operations of government. Any exception or exemption from applicability shall be narrowly construed in order that no thing which should be public may be hidden from any person.

The public body shall make reasonable efforts to reach an agreement with the requester concerning the production of the records requested.

Any ordinance adopted by a local governing body which conflicts with the provisions of this chapter shall be void.

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2.1-341. Definitions

The following terms, whenever used or referred to in this chapter, shall have the following meanings, unless a different meaning clearly appears from the context: Criminal incident information means a general description of the criminal activity reported, the date and general location the alleged crime was committed, the identity of the investigating officer, and a general description of any injuries suffered or property damaged or stolen; however, the identity of any victim, witness, undercover officer, or investigative techniques or procedures need not but may be disclosed unless disclosure is prohibited or restricted under ¤ 19.2-11.2. The identity of any individual providing information about a crime or criminal activity under a promise of anonymity shall not be disclosed.

Executive meeting or closed meeting means a meeting from which the public is excluded.

Meeting or meetings means the meetings including work sessions, when sitting physically, or through telephonic or video equipment pursuant to ¤ 2.1-343.1, as a body or entity, or as an informal assemblage of (i) as many as three members, or (ii) a quorum, if less than three, of the constituent membership, wherever held, with or without minutes being taken, whether or not votes are cast, of any public body, including any legislative body, authority, board, bureau, commission, district or agency of the Commonwealth or of any political subdivision of the Commonwealth, including cities, towns and counties; municipal councils, governing bodies of counties, school boards and planning commissions; boards of visitors of state institutions of higher education; and other organizations, corporations or agencies in the Commonwealth, supported wholly or principally by public funds. The notice provisions of this chapter shall not apply to the said informal meetings or gatherings of the members of the General Assembly. Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to make unlawful the gathering or attendance of two or more members of a public body (i) at any place or function where no part of the purpose of such gathering or attendance is the discussion or transaction of any public business, and such gathering or attendance was not called or prearranged with any purpose of discussing or transacting any business of the public body or (ii) at a public meeting whose purpose is to inform the electorate and not to transact public business or to hold discussions relating to the transaction of public business, even though the performance of the members individually or collectively in the conduct of public business may be a topic of discussion or debate at such public meeting. The gathering of employees of a public body shall not be deemed a meeting subject to the provisions of this chapter.

No meeting shall be conducted through telephonic, video, electronic or other communication means where the members are not physically assembled to discuss or transact public business, except as provided in ¤ 2.1-343.1 or as may specifically be provided in Title 54.1 for the summary suspension of professional licenses.

Official records means all written or printed books, papers, letters, documents, maps and tapes, photographs, films, sound recordings, reports or other material, regardless of physical form or characteristics, prepared, owned, or in the possession of a public body or any employee or officer of a public body in the transaction of public business.

Open meeting or public meeting means a meeting at which the public may be present.

Public body means any of the groups, agencies or organizations enumerated in the definition of meeting as provided in this section, including any committees or subcommittees of the public body created to perform delegated functions of the public body or to advise the public body. Corporations organized by the Virginia Retirement System are public bodies for purposes of this chapter.

Scholastic records means those records, files, documents, and other materials containing information about a student and maintained by a public body which is an educational agency or institution or by a person acting for such agency or institution, but, for the purpose of access by a student, does not include (i) financial records of a parent or guardian nor (ii) records of instructional, supervisory, and administrative personnel and educational personnel ancillary thereto, which are in the sole possession of the maker thereof and which are not accessible or revealed to any other person except a substitute.

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2.1-341.1. Notice of chapter

Any person elected, reelected, appointed or reappointed to any body not excepted from this chapter shall be furnished by the public body's administrator or legal counsel with a copy of this chapter within two weeks following election, reelection, appointment or reappointment.

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2.1-342. Official records to be open to inspection; procedure for requesting records and responding to request; charges; exceptions to application of chapter
A. Except as otherwise specifically provided by law, all official records shall be open to inspection and copying by any citizens of the Commonwealth during the regular office hours of the custodian of such records. Access to such records shall not be denied to citizens of the Commonwealth, representatives of newspapers and magazines with circulation in the Commonwealth, and representatives of radio and television stations broadcasting in or into the Commonwealth. The custodian of such records shall take all necessary precautions for their preservation and safekeeping. Any public body covered under the provisions of this chapter shall make an initial response to citizens requesting records open to inspection within five work days after the receipt of the request by the public body which is the custodian of the requested records. Such citizen request shall designate the requested records with reasonable specificity. A specific reference to this chapter by the requesting citizen in his request shall not be necessary to invoke the provisions of this chapter and the time limits for response by the public body. The response by the public body within such five work days shall be one of the following responses:

1. The requested records shall be provided to the requesting citizen.
2. If the public body determines that an exemption applies to all of the requested records, it may refuse to release such records and provide to the requesting citizen a written explanation as to why the records are not available with the explanation making specific reference to the applicable Code sections which make the requested records exempt.

3. If the public body determines that an exemption applies to a portion of the requested records, it may delete or excise that portion of the records to which an exemption applies, but shall disclose the remainder of the requested records and provide to the requesting citizen a written explanation as to why these portions of the record are not available to the requesting citizen with the explanation making specific reference to the applicable Code sections which make that portion of the requested records exempt. Any reasonably segregatable portion of an official record shall be provided to any person requesting the record after the deletion of the exempt portion.

4. If the public body determines that it is practically impossible to provide the requested records or to determine whether they are available within the five-work-day period, the public body shall so inform the requesting citizen and shall have an additional seven work days in which to provide one of the three preceding responses.

Nothing in this section shall prohibit any public body from petitioning the appropriate court for additional time to respond to a request for records when the request is for an extraordinary volume of records and a response by the public body within the time required by this chapter will prevent the public body from meeting its operational responsibilities. Before proceeding with this petition, however, the public body shall make reasonable efforts to reach an agreement with the requester concerning the production of the records requested.

The public body may make reasonable charges for the copying, search time and computer time expended in the supplying of such records. The public body may also make a reasonable charge for preparing documents produced from a geographic information system at the request of anyone other than the owner of the land that is the subject of the request. However, such charges shall not exceed the actual cost to the public body in supplying such records or documents, except that the public body may charge, on a pro rata per acre basis, for the cost of creating topographical maps developed by the public body, for such maps or portions thereof, which encompass a contiguous area greater than fifty acres. Such charges for the supplying of requested records shall be estimated in advance at the request of the citizen. The public body may require the advance payment of charges which are subject to advance determination.

In any case where a public body determines in advance that search and copying charges for producing the requested documents are likely to exceed $200, the public body may, before continuing to process the request, require the citizen requesting the information to agree to payment of an amount not to exceed the advance determination by five percent.

The period within which the public body must respond under this section shall be tolled for the amount of time that elapses between notice of the advance determination and the response of the citizen requesting the information.

Official records maintained by a public body on a computer or other electronic data processing system which are available to the public under the provisions of this chapter shall be made reasonably accessible to the public at reasonable cost. Beginning July 1, 1997, every public body of state government shall compile, and annually update, an index of computer databases which contains at a minimum those databases created by them on or after July 1, 1997. Computer database means a structured collection of data or documents residing in a computer. Such index shall be an official record and shall include, at a minimum, the following information with respect to each database listed therein: a list of data fields, a description of the format or record layout, the date last updated, a list of any data fields to which public access is restricted, a description of each format in which the database can be copied or reproduced using the public body's computer facilities, and a schedule of fees for the production of copies in each available form. The form, context, language, and guidelines for the indices and the databases to be indexed shall be developed by the Director of the Department of Information Technology in consultation with the State Librarian and the State Archivist. The public body shall not be required to disclose its software security, including passwords.

Public bodies shall not be required to create or prepare a particular requested record if it does not already exist. Public bodies may, but shall not be required to, abstract or summarize information from official records or convert an official record available in one form into another form at the request of the citizen. The public body shall make reasonable efforts to reach an agreement with the requester concerning the production of the records requested.

Failure to make any response to a request for records shall be a violation of this chapter and deemed a denial of the request.

B. The following records are excluded from the provisions of this chapter but may be disclosed by the custodian in his discretion, except where such disclosure is prohibited by law:

1. Memoranda, correspondence, evidence and complaints related to criminal investigations; adult arrestee photographs when necessary to avoid jeopardizing an investigation in felony cases until such time as the release of such photograph will no longer jeopardize the investigation; reports submitted to the state and local police, to investigators authorized pursuant to ¤ 53.1-16 and to the campus police departments of public institutions of higher education as established by Chapter 17 ( ¤ 23-232 et seq.) of Title 23 in confidence; portions of records of local government crime commissions that would identify individuals providing information about crimes or criminal activities under a promise of anonymity; records of local police departments relating to neighborhood watch programs that include the names, addresses, and operating schedules of individual participants in the program that are provided to such departments under a promise of confidentiality; and all records of persons imprisoned in penal institutions in the Commonwealth provided such records relate to the imprisonment. Information in the custody of law-enforcement officials relative to the identity of any individual other than a juvenile who is arrested and charged, and the status of the charge or arrest, shall not be excluded from the provisions of this chapter.
Criminal incident information relating to felony offenses shall not be excluded from the provisions of this chapter; however, where the release of criminal incident information is likely to jeopardize an ongoing criminal investigation or the safety of an individual, cause a suspect to flee or evade detection, or result in the destruction of evidence, such information may be withheld until the above-referenced damage is no longer likely to occur from release of the information.

2. Confidential records of all investigations of applications for licenses and permits, and all licensees and permittees made by or submitted to the Alcoholic Beverage Control Board, the State Lottery Department, the Virginia Racing Commission, or the Charitable Gaming Commission.

3. State income, business, and estate tax returns, personal property tax returns, scholastic records and personnel records containing information concerning identifiable individuals, except that such access shall not be denied to the person who is the subject thereof, and medical and mental records, except that such records can be personally reviewed by the subject person or a physician of the subject person's choice; however, the subject person's mental records may not be personally reviewed by such person when the subject person's treating physician has made a part of such person's records a written statement that in his opinion a review of such records by the subject person would be injurious to the subject person's physical or mental health or well-being.

Where the person who is the subject of medical records is confined in a state or local correctional facility, the administrator or chief medical officer of such facility may assert such confined person's right of access to the medical records if the administrator or chief medical officer has reasonable cause to believe that such confined person has an infectious disease or other medical condition from which other persons so confined need to be protected. Medical records shall be reviewed only and shall not be copied by such administrator or chief medical officer. The information in the medical records of a person so confined shall continue to be confidential and shall not be disclosed to any person except the subject by the administrator or chief medical officer of the facility or except as provided by law.

For the purposes of this chapter such statistical summaries of incidents and statistical data concerning patient abuse as may be compiled by the Commissioner of the Department of Mental Health, Mental Retardation and Substance Abuse Services shall be open to inspection and releasable as provided in subsection A of this section. No such summaries or data shall include any patient-identifying information. Where the person who is the subject of scholastic or medical and mental records is under the age of eighteen, his right of access may be asserted only by his guardian or his parent, including a noncustodial parent, unless such parent's parental rights have been terminated or a court of competent jurisdiction has restricted or denied such access. In instances where the person who is the subject thereof is an emancipated minor or a student in a state-supported institution of higher education, such right of access may be asserted by the subject person.

4. Memoranda, working papers and correspondence (i) held by or requested from members of the General Assembly or the Division of Legislative Services or (ii) held or requested by the Office of the Governor or Lieutenant Governor, Attorney General or the mayor or other chief executive officer of any political subdivision of the Commonwealth or the president or other chief executive officer of any state-supported institution of higher education. This exclusion shall not apply to memoranda, studies or other papers held or requested by the mayor or other chief executive officer of any political subdivision which are specifically concerned with the evaluation of performance of the duties and functions of any locally elected official and were prepared after June 30, 1992, nor shall this exclusion apply to agenda packets prepared and distributed to public bodies for use at a meeting.

Except as provided in ¤ 30-28.18, memoranda, working papers and correspondence of a member of the General Assembly held by the Division of Legislative Services shall not be released by the Division without the prior consent of the member.

5. Written opinions of the city, county and town attorneys of the cities, counties and towns in the Commonwealth and any other writing protected by the attorney-client privilege.

6. Memoranda, working papers and records compiled specifically for use in litigation or as a part of an active administrative investigation concerning a matter which is properly the subject of an executive or closed meeting under ¤ 2.1-344 and material furnished in confidence with respect thereto.

7. Confidential letters and statements of recommendation placed in the records of educational agencies or institutions respecting (i) admission to any educational agency or institution, (ii) an application for employment, or (iii) receipt of an honor or honorary recognition.

8. Library records which can be used to identify both (i) any library patron who has borrowed material from a library and (ii) the material such patron borrowed.

9. Any test or examination used, administered or prepared by any public body for purposes of evaluation of (i) any student or any student's performance, (ii) any employee or employment seeker's qualifications or aptitude for employment, retention, or promotion, or (iii) qualifications for any license or certificate issued by any public body. As used in this subdivision 9, test or examination shall include (i) any scoring key for any such test or examination and (ii) any other document which would jeopardize the security of such test or examination. Nothing contained in this subdivision 9 shall prohibit the release of test scores or results as provided by law, or limit access to individual records as is provided by law. However, the subject of such employment tests shall be entitled to review and inspect all documents relative to his performance on such employment tests.

When, in the reasonable opinion of such public body, any such test or examination no longer has any potential for future use, and the security of future tests or examinations will not be jeopardized, such test or examination shall be made available to the public. However, minimum competency tests administered to public school children shall be made available to the public contemporaneously with statewide release of the scores of those taking such tests, but in no event shall such tests be made available to the public later than six months after the administration of such tests.

10. Applications for admission to examinations or for licensure and scoring records maintained by the Department of Health Professions or any board in that department on individual licensees or applicants. However, such material may be made available during normal working hours for copying, at the requester's expense, by the individual who is the subject thereof, in the offices of the Department of Health Professions or in the offices of any health regulatory board, whichever may possess the material.

11. Records of active investigations being conducted by the Department of Health Professions or by any health regulatory board in the Commonwealth.

12. Memoranda, legal opinions, working papers and records recorded in or compiled exclusively for executive or closed meetings lawfully held pursuant to ¤ 2.1-344.

13. Reports, documentary evidence and other information as specified in ¤ ¤ 2.1-373.2 and 63.1-55.4.

14. Proprietary information gathered by or for the Virginia Port Authority as provided in ¤ 62.1-132.4 or ¤ 62.1-134.1.

15. Contract cost estimates prepared for the confidential use of the Department of Transportation in awarding contracts for construction or the purchase of goods or services and records, documents and automated systems prepared for the Department's Bid Analysis and Monitoring Program.

16. Vendor proprietary information software which may be in the official records of a public body. For the purpose of this section, vendor proprietary software means computer programs acquired from a vendor for purposes of processing data for agencies or political subdivisions of the Commonwealth.

17. Data, records or information of a proprietary nature produced or collected by or for faculty or staff of state institutions of higher learning, other than the institutions' financial or administrative records, in the conduct of or as a result of study or research on medical, scientific, technical or scholarly issues, whether sponsored by the institution alone or in conjunction with a governmental body or a private concern, where such data, records or information has not been publicly released, published, copyrighted or patented.

18. Financial statements not publicly available filed with applications for industrial development financings.

19. Lists of registered owners of bonds issued by a political subdivision of the Commonwealth, whether the lists are maintained by the political subdivision itself or by a single fiduciary designated by the political subdivision.

20. Confidential proprietary records, voluntarily provided by private business pursuant to a promise of confidentiality from the Department of Business Assistance, the Virginia Economic Development Partnership or local or regional industrial or economic development authorities or organizations, used by the Department, the Partnership, or such entities for business, trade and tourism development; and memoranda, working papers or other records related to businesses that are considering locating or expanding in Virginia, prepared by the Partnership, where competition or bargaining is involved and where, if such records are made public, the financial interest of the governmental unit would be adversely affected.

21. Information which was filed as confidential under the Toxic Substances Information Act ( ¤ 32.1-239 et seq.), as such Act existed prior to July 1, 1992.

22. Documents as specified in ¤ 58.1-3.

23. Confidential records, including victim identity, provided to or obtained by staff in a rape crisis center or a program for battered spouses.

24. Computer software developed by or for a state agency, state-supported institution of higher education or political subdivision of the Commonwealth.

25. Investigator notes, and other correspondence and information, furnished in confidence with respect to an active investigation of individual employment discrimination complaints made to the Department of Personnel and Training; however, nothing in this section shall prohibit the disclosure of information taken from inactive reports in a form which does not reveal the identity of charging parties, persons supplying the information or other individuals involved in the investigation.

26. Fisheries data which would permit identification of any person or vessel, except when required by court order as specified in ¤ 28.2-204.

27. Records of active investigations being conducted by the Department of Medical Assistance Services pursuant to Chapter 10 ( ¤ 32.1-323 et seq.) of Title 32.1.

28. Documents and writings furnished by a member of the General Assembly to a meeting of a standing committee, special committee or subcommittee of his house established solely for the purpose of reviewing members' annual disclosure statements and supporting materials filed under ¤ 2.1-639.40 or of formulating advisory opinions to members on standards of conduct, or both.

29. Customer account information of a public utility affiliated with a political subdivision of the Commonwealth, including the customer's name and service address, but excluding the amount of utility service provided and the amount of money paid for such utility service.

30. Investigative notes and other correspondence and information furnished in confidence with respect to an investigation or conciliation process involving an alleged unlawful discriminatory practice under the Virginia Human Rights Act ( ¤ 2.1-714 et seq.); however, nothing in this section shall prohibit the distribution of information taken from inactive reports in a form which does not reveal the identity of the parties involved or other persons supplying information.

31. Investigative notes; proprietary information not published, copyrighted or patented; information obtained from employee personnel records; personally identifiable information regarding residents, clients or other recipients of services; and other correspondence and information furnished in confidence to the Department of Social Services in connection with an active investigation of an applicant or licensee pursuant to Chapters 9 ( ¤ 63.1-172 et seq.) and 10 ( ¤ 63.1-195 et seq.) of Title 63.1; however, nothing in this section shall prohibit disclosure of information from the records of completed investigations in a form that does not reveal the identity of complainants, persons supplying information, or other individuals involved in the investigation.

32. Reports, manuals, specifications, documents, minutes or recordings of staff meetings or other information or materials of the Virginia Board of Corrections, the Virginia Department of Corrections or any institution thereof to the extent, as determined by the Director of the Department of Corrections or his designee or of the Virginia Board of Juvenile Justice, the Virginia Department of Juvenile Justice or any facility thereof to the extent as determined by the Director of the Department of Juvenile Justice, or his designee, that disclosure or public dissemination of such materials would jeopardize the security of any correctional or juvenile facility or institution, as follows:

(i) Security manuals, including emergency plans that are a part thereof;
(ii) Engineering and architectural drawings of correctional and juvenile facilities, and operational specifications of security systems utilized by the Departments, provided the general descriptions of such security systems, cost and quality shall be made available to the public;

(iii) Training manuals designed for correctional and juvenile facilities to the extent that they address procedures for institutional security, emergency plans and security equipment;

(iv) Internal security audits of correctional and juvenile facilities, but only to the extent that they specifically disclose matters described in (i), (ii), or (iii) above or other specific operational details the disclosure of which would jeopardize the security of a correctional or juvenile facility or institution;

(v) Minutes or recordings of divisional, regional and institutional staff meetings or portions thereof to the extent that such minutes deal with security issues listed in (i), (ii), (iii), and (iv) of this subdivision;

(vi) Investigative case files by investigators authorized pursuant to ¤ 53.1-16; however, nothing in this section shall prohibit the disclosure of information taken from inactive reports in a form which does not reveal the identity of complainants or charging parties, persons supplying information, confidential sources, or other individuals involved in the investigation, or other specific operational details the disclosure of which would jeopardize the security of a correctional or juvenile facility or institution; nothing herein shall permit the disclosure of materials otherwise exempt as set forth in subdivision 1 of subsection B of this section;

(vii) Logs or other documents containing information on movement of inmates, juvenile clients or employees; and

(viii) Documents disclosing contacts between inmates, juvenile clients and law-enforcement personnel. Notwithstanding the provisions of this subdivision, reports and information regarding the general operations of the Departments, including notice that an escape has occurred, shall be open to inspection and copying as provided in this section.

33. Personal information, as defined in ¤ 2.1-379, (i) filed with the Virginia Housing Development Authority concerning individuals who have applied for or received loans or other housing assistance or who have applied for occupancy of or have occupied housing financed, owned or otherwise assisted by the Virginia Housing Development Authority, (ii) concerning persons participating in or persons on the waiting list for federally funded rent-assistance programs, or (iii) filed with any local redevelopment and housing authority created pursuant to ¤ 36-4 concerning persons participating in or persons on the waiting list for housing assistance programs funded by local governments or by any such authority. However, access to one's own information shall not be denied.

34. Documents regarding the siting of hazardous waste facilities, except as provided in ¤ 10.1-1441, if disclosure of them would have a detrimental effect upon the negotiating position of a governing body or on the establishment of the terms, conditions and provisions of the siting agreement.

35. Appraisals and cost estimates of real property subject to a proposed purchase, sale or lease, prior to the completion of such purchase, sale or lease.

36. Records containing information on the site specific location of rare, threatened, endangered or otherwise imperiled plant and animal species, natural communities, caves, and significant historic and archaeological sites if, in the opinion of the public body which has the responsibility for such information, disclosure of the information would jeopardize the continued existence or the integrity of the resource. This exemption shall not apply to requests from the owner of the land upon which the resource is located.

37. Official records, memoranda, working papers, graphics, video or audio tapes, production models, data and information of a proprietary nature produced by or for or collected by or for the State Lottery Department relating to matters of a specific lottery game design, development, production, operation, ticket price, prize structure, manner of selecting the winning ticket, manner of payment of prizes to holders of winning tickets, frequency of drawings or selections of winning tickets, odds of winning, advertising, or marketing, where such official records have not been publicly released, published, copyrighted or patented. Whether released, published or copyrighted, all game-related information shall be subject to public disclosure under this chapter upon the first day of sales for the specific lottery game to which it pertains.

38. Official records of studies and investigations by the State Lottery Department of (i) lottery agents, (ii) lottery vendors, (iii) lottery crimes under ¤ ¤ 58.1-4014 through 58.1-4018, (iv) defects in the law or regulations which cause abuses in the administration and operation of the lottery and any evasions of such provisions, or (v) use of the lottery as a subterfuge for organized crime and illegal gambling where such official records have not been publicly released, published or copyrighted. All studies and investigations referred to under subdivisions (iii), (iv) and (v) shall be subject to public disclosure under this chapter upon completion of the study or investigation.

39. Those portions of engineering and construction drawings and plans submitted for the sole purpose of complying with the building code in obtaining a building permit which would identify specific trade secrets or other information the disclosure of which would be harmful to the competitive position of the owner or lessee; however, such information shall be exempt only until the building is completed. Information relating to the safety or environmental soundness of any building shall not be exempt from disclosure.

40. [Repealed.]

41. Records concerning reserves established in specific claims administered by the Department of General Services through its Division of Risk Management as provided in Article 5.1 ( ¤ 2.1-526.1 et seq.) of Chapter 32 of this title, or by any county, city, or town.

42. Information and records collected for the designation and verification of trauma centers and other specialty care centers within the Statewide Emergency Medical Services System and Services pursuant to Article 2.1 ( ¤ 32.1-111.1 et seq.) of Title 32.1.

43. Reports and court documents required to be kept confidential pursuant to ¤ 37.1-67.3.

44. [Repealed.]

45. Investigative notes; correspondence and information furnished in confidence with respect to an investigation; and official records otherwise exempted by this chapter or any Virginia statute, provided to or produced by or for the Auditor of Public Accounts and the Joint Legislative Audit and Review Commission; or investigative notes, correspondence, documentation and information furnished and provided to or produced by or for the Department of the State Internal Auditor with respect to an investigation initiated through the State Employee Fraud, Waste and Abuse Hotline. Nothing in this chapter shall prohibit disclosure of information from the records of completed investigations in a form that does not reveal the identity of complainants, persons supplying information or other individuals involved in the investigation; however, disclosure, unless such disclosure is prohibited by this section, of information from the records of completed investigations shall include, but is not limited to, the agency involved, the identity of the person who is the subject of the complaint, the nature of the complaint, and the actions taken to resolve the complaint. In the event an investigation does not lead to corrective action, the identity of the person who is the subject of the complaint may be released only with the consent of the subject person.

46. Data formerly required to be submitted to the Commissioner of Health relating to the establishment of new or expansion of existing clinical health services, acquisition of major medical equipment, or certain projects requiring capital expenditures pursuant to former ¤ 32.1-102.3:4.

47. Documentation or other information which describes the design, function, operation or access control features of any security system, whether manual or automated, which is used to control access to or use of any automated data processing or telecommunications system.

48. Confidential financial statements, balance sheets, trade secrets, and revenue and cost projections provided to the Department of Rail and Public Transportation, provided such information is exempt under the federal Freedom of Information Act or the federal Interstate Commerce Act or other laws administered by the Interstate Commerce Commission or the Federal Rail Administration with respect to data provided in confidence to the Interstate Commerce Commission and the Federal Railroad Administration.

49. In the case of corporations organized by the Virginia Retirement System, (i) proprietary information provided by, and financial information concerning, coventurers, partners, lessors, lessees, or investors, and (ii) records concerning the condition, acquisition, disposition, use, leasing, development, coventuring, or management of real estate the disclosure of which would have a substantial adverse impact on the value of such real estate or result in a competitive disadvantage to the corporation or subsidiary.

50. Confidential proprietary records related to inventory and sales, voluntarily provided by private energy suppliers to the Department of Mines, Minerals and Energy, used by that Department for energy contingency planning purposes or for developing consolidated statistical information on energy supplies.

51. Confidential proprietary information furnished to the Board of Medical Assistance Services or the Medicaid Prior Authorization Advisory Committee pursuant to Article 4 ( ¤ 32.1-331.12 et seq.) of Chapter 10 of Title 32.1.

52. [Repealed.]

53. Proprietary, commercial or financial information, balance sheets, trade secrets, and revenue and cost projections provided by a private transportation business to the Virginia Department of Transportation and the Department of Rail and Public Transportation for the purpose of conducting transportation studies needed to obtain grants or other financial assistance under the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (P.L. 102-240) for transportation projects, provided such information is exempt under the federal Freedom of Information Act or the federal Interstate Commerce Act or other laws administered by the Interstate Commerce Commission or the Federal Rail Administration with respect to data provided in confidence to the Interstate Commerce Commission and the Federal Railroad Administration. However, the exemption provided by this subdivision shall not apply to any wholly owned subsidiary of a public body.

54. Names and addresses of subscribers to Virginia Wildlife magazine, published by the Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, provided the individual subscriber has requested in writing that the Department not release such information.

55. Reports, documents, memoranda or other information or materials which describe any aspect of security used by the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts to the extent that disclosure or public dissemination of such materials would jeopardize the security of the Museum or any warehouse controlled by the Museum, as follows:

a. Operational, procedural or tactical planning documents, including any training manuals to the extent they discuss security measures;
b. Surveillance techniques;

c. Installation, operation, or utilization of any alarm technology;

d. Engineering and architectural drawings of the Museum or any warehouse;

e. Transportation of the Museum's collections, including routes and schedules; or

f. Operation of the Museum or any warehouse used by the Museum involving the:

(1) Number of employees, including security guards, present at any time; or
(2) Busiest hours, with the maximum number of visitors in the Museum.

56. Reports, documents, memoranda or other information or materials which describe any aspect of security used by the Virginia Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control to the extent that disclosure or public dissemination of such materials would jeopardize the security of any government store as defined in Title 4.1, or warehouse controlled by the Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control, as follows:

(i) Operational, procedural or tactical planning documents, including any training manuals to the extent they discuss security measures;
(ii) Surveillance techniques;

(iii) The installation, operation, or utilization of any alarm technology;

(iv) Engineering and architectural drawings of such government stores or warehouses;

(v) The transportation of merchandise, including routes and schedules; and

(vi) The operation of any government store or the central warehouse used by the Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control involving the:

a. Number of employees present during each shift;
b. Busiest hours, with the maximum number of customers in such government store; and

c. Banking system used, including time and place of deposits.

57. Information required to be provided pursuant to ¤ 54.1-2506.1.

58. Confidential information designated as provided in subsection D of ¤ 11-52 as trade secrets or proprietary information by any person who has submitted to a public body an application for prequalification to bid on public construction projects in accordance with subsection B of ¤ 11-46.

59. All information and records acquired during a review of any child death by the State Child Fatality Review Team established pursuant to ¤ 32.1-283.1.

60. Investigative notes, correspondence, documentation and information provided to or produced by or for the committee or the auditor with respect to an investigation or audit conducted pursuant to ¤ 15.1-765.2. Nothing in this section shall prohibit disclosure of information from the records of completed investigations or audits in a form that does not reveal the identity of complainants or persons supplying information.

61. Financial, medical, rehabilitative and other personal information concerning applicants for or recipients of loan funds submitted to or maintained by the Assistive Technology Loan Fund Authority under Chapter 11 ( ¤ 51.5-53 et seq.) of Title 51.5.

62. Confidential proprietary records which are voluntarily provided by a private entity pursuant to a proposal filed with a public entity under the Public-Private Transportation Act of 1995 ( ¤ 56-556 et seq.), pursuant to a promise of confidentiality from the responsible public entity, used by the responsible public entity for purposes related to the development of a qualifying transportation facility; and memoranda, working papers or other records related to proposals filed under the Public-Private Transportation Act of 1995, where, if such records were made public, the financial interest of the public or private entity involved with such proposal or the process of competition or bargaining would be adversely affected. In order for confidential proprietary information to be excluded from the provisions of this chapter, the private entity shall (i) invoke such exclusion upon submission of the data or other materials for which protection from disclosure is sought, (ii) identify the data or other materials for which protection is sought, and (iii) state the reasons why protection is necessary. For the purposes of this subdivision, the terms public entity and private entity shall be defined as they are defined in the Public-Private Transportation Act of 1995.

63. Records of law-enforcement agencies, to the extent that such records contain specific tactical plans, the disclosure of which would jeopardize the safety or security of law-enforcement personnel or the general public; engineering plans, architectural drawings, or operational specifications of governmental law-enforcement facilities, including but not limited to courthouses, jails, and detention facilities, to the extent that disclosure could jeopardize the safety or security of law-enforcement offices; however, general descriptions shall be provided to the public upon request.

64. All records of the University of Virginia or the University of Virginia Medical Center which contain proprietary, business-related information pertaining to the operations of the University of Virginia Medical Center, including its business development or marketing strategies and its activities with existing or future joint venturers, partners, or other parties with whom the University of Virginia Medical Center has formed, or forms, any arrangement for the delivery of health care, if disclosure of such information would be harmful to the competitive position of the Medical Center.

65. Patient level data collected by the Board of Health and not yet processed, verified, and released, pursuant to ¤ 32.1-276.9, to the Board by the nonprofit organization with which the Commissioner of Health has contracted pursuant to ¤ 32.1-276.4.

66. Records of the Medical College of Virginia Hospitals Authority pertaining to any of the following: (i) an individual's qualifications for or continued membership on its medical or teaching staffs; proprietary information gathered by or in the possession of the Authority from third parties pursuant to a promise of confidentiality; contract cost estimates prepared for confidential use in awarding contracts for construction or the purchase of goods or services; data, records or information of a proprietary nature produced or collected by or for the Authority or members of its medical or teaching staffs; financial statements not publicly available that may be filed with the Authority from third parties; the identity, accounts or account status of any customer of the Authority; consulting or other reports paid for by the Authority to assist the Authority in connection with its strategic planning and goals; and the determination of marketing and operational strategies where disclosure of such strategies would be harmful to the competitive position of the Authority; and (ii) data, records or information of a proprietary nature produced or collected by or for employees of the Authority, other than the Authority's financial or administrative records, in the conduct of or as a result of study or research on medical, scientific, technical or scholarly issues, whether sponsored by the Authority alone or in conjunction with a governmental body or a private concern, when such data, records or information have not been publicly released, published, copyrighted or patented.

67. Confidential proprietary information or trade secrets, not publicly available, provided by a private person or entity to the Virginia Resources Authority or to a fund administered in connection with financial assistance rendered or to be rendered by the Virginia Resources Authority where, if such information is made public, the financial interest of the private person or entity would be adversely affected, and, after June 30, 1997, where such information was provided pursuant to a promise of confidentiality.

68. Confidential proprietary records which are provided by a franchisee under ¤ 15.1-23.1 to its franchising authority pursuant to a promise of confidentiality from the franchising authority which relates to the franchisee's potential provision of new services, adoption of new technologies or implementation of improvements, where such new services, technologies or improvements have not been implemented by the franchisee on a nonexperimental scale in the franchise area, and where, if such records were made public, the competitive advantage or financial interests of the franchisee would be adversely affected. In order for confidential proprietary information to be excluded from the provisions of this chapter, the franchisee shall (i) invoke such exclusion upon submission of the data or other materials for which protection from disclosure is sought, (ii) identify the data or other materials for which protection is sought, and (iii) state the reason why protection is necessary.

69. Records of the Intervention Program Committee within the Department of Health Professions to the extent such records may identify any practitioner who may be, or who is actually, impaired to the extent disclosure is prohibited by ¤ 54.1-2517.

70. Records submitted as a grant application, or accompanying a grant application, to the Commonwealth Neurotrauma Initiative Advisory Board pursuant to Article 12 ( ¤ 32.1-

73.1 et seq.) of Chapter 2 of Title 32.1, to the extent such records contain: (i) medical or mental records, or other data identifying individual patients, or (ii) proprietary business or research related information produced or collected by the applicant in the conduct of or as a result of study or research on medical, rehabilitative, scientific, technical or scholarly issues, when such information has not been publicly released, published, copyrighted or patented, if the disclosure of such information would be harmful to the competitive position of the applicant.

71. Information which would disclose the security aspects of a system safety program plan adopted pursuant to 49 C.F.R. Part 659 by the Commonwealth's designated Rail Fixed Guideway Systems Safety Oversight agency; and information in the possession of such agency the release of which would jeopardize the success of an ongoing investigation of a rail accident or other incident threatening railway safety.

72. Documents and other information of a proprietary nature furnished by a supplier of charitable gaming supplies to the Charitable Gaming Commission pursuant to subsection E of ¤ 18.2-340.34.

73. Personal information, as defined in ¤ 2.1-379, provided to the Board of the Virginia Higher Education Tuition Trust Fund or its employees by or on behalf of individuals who have requested information about, applied for, or entered into prepaid tuition contracts pursuant to Chapter 4.9 ( ¤ 23-38.75 et seq.) of Title 23. Nothing in this subdivision shall be construed to prohibit disclosure or publication of information in a statistical or other form which does not identify individuals or provide personal information. Individuals shall be provided access to their own personal information.

C. Neither any provision of this chapter nor any provision of Chapter 26 ( ¤ 2.1-377 et seq.) of this title shall be construed as denying public access to contracts between a public official and a public body, other than contracts settling public employee employment disputes held confidential as personnel records under subdivision 3 of subsection B of this section, or to records of the position, job classification, official salary or rate of pay of, and to records of the allowances or reimbursements for expenses paid to, any public officer, official or employee at any level of state, local or regional government in the Commonwealth or to the compensation or benefits paid by any corporation organized by the Virginia Retirement System or its officers or employees. The provisions of this subsection, however, shall not apply to records of the official salaries or rates of pay of public employees whose annual rate of pay is $10,000 or less. D. No provision of this chapter shall be construed to afford any rights to any person incarcerated in a state, local or federal correctional facility, whether or not such facility is (i) located in the Commonwealth or (ii) operated pursuant to the Corrections Private Management Act ( ¤ 53.1-261 et seq.). However, this subsection shall not be construed to prevent an incarcerated person from exercising his constitutionally protected rights, including but not limited to his rights to call for evidence in his favor in a criminal prosecution.

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2.1-342.1. Official voter registration and election records
Public access to voter registration and election records shall be governed by the provisions of Title 24.2 and this chapter. The provisions of Title 24.2 shall be controlling in the event of any conflict.

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2.1-343. Meetings to be public; notice of meetings; recordings; minutes; voting
Except as otherwise specifically provided by law and except as provided in ¤ ¤ 2.1-344 and 2.1-345, all meetings of public bodies shall be public meetings, including meetings and work sessions during which no votes are cast or any decisions made. Notice including the time, date and place of each meeting shall be furnished to any citizen of the Commonwealth who requests such information. Notices for meetings of public bodies of the Commonwealth on which there is at least one member appointed by the Governor shall state whether or not public comment will be received at the meeting, and, if so, the approximate points during the meeting public comment will be received. Requests to be notified on a continual basis shall be made at least once a year in writing and include name, address, zip code and organization of the requester. Notice, reasonable under the circumstance, of special or emergency meetings shall be given contemporaneously with the notice provided members of the public body conducting the meeting.

Unless otherwise exempt, at least one copy of all agenda packets and materials furnished to members of a public body for a meeting shall be made available for inspection by the public at the same time such documents are furnished to the members of the public body.

Any person may photograph, film, record or otherwise reproduce any portion of a meeting required to be open. The public body conducting the meeting may adopt rules governing the placement and use of equipment necessary for broadcasting, photographing, filming or recording a meeting to prevent interference with the proceedings.

Voting by secret or written ballot in an open meeting shall be a violation of this chapter.

Minutes shall be recorded at all public meetings. However, minutes shall not be required to be taken at deliberations of (i) standing and other committees of the General Assembly, (ii) legislative interim study commissions and committees, including the Virginia Code Commission, (iii) study committees or commissions appointed by the Governor, or (iv) study commissions or study committees, or any other committees or subcommittees appointed by the governing bodies or school boards of counties, cities and towns, except where the membership of any such commission, committee or subcommittee includes a majority of the governing body of the county, city or town or school board.

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2.1-343.1. Electronic communication meetings
A. It is a violation of this chapter for any political subdivision or any governing body, authority, board, bureau, commission, district or agency of local government to conduct a meeting wherein the public business is discussed or transacted through telephonic, video, electronic or other communication means where the members are not physically assembled. Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit the use of interactive audio or video means to expand public participation.
B. For purposes of subsections B through F of this section, public body means any public body of the Commonwealth, as provided in the definitions of meeting and public body in ¤ 2.1-341, but excluding any political subdivision or any governing body, authority, board, bureau, commission, district or agency of local government. Such public bodies may conduct any meeting, except executive or closed meetings held pursuant to ¤ 2.1-344, wherein the public business is discussed or transacted through telephonic or video means. Where a quorum of a public body of the Commonwealth is physically assembled at one location for the purpose of conducting a meeting authorized under this subsection, additional members of such public body may participate in the meeting through telephonic means provided such participation is available to the public.

C. Notice of any meetings held pursuant to this section shall be provided at least thirty days in advance of the date scheduled for the meeting. The notice shall include the date, time, place and purpose for the meeting and shall identify the location or locations for the meeting. All locations for the meeting shall be made accessible to the public. All persons attending the meeting at any of the meeting locations shall be afforded the same opportunity to address the public body as persons attending the primary or central location. Any interruption in the telephonic or video broadcast of the meeting shall result in the suspension of action at the meeting until repairs are made and public access restored.

Thirty-day notice shall not be required for telephonic or video meetings continued to address an emergency situation as provided in subsection F of this section or to conclude the agenda of a telephonic or video meeting of the public body for which the proper notice has been given, when the date, time, place and purpose of the continued meeting are set during the meeting prior to adjournment.

The public body shall provide the Director of the Department of Information Technology with notice of all public meetings held through telephonic or video means pursuant to this section.

D. An agenda and materials which will be distributed to members of the public body and which have been made available to the staff of the public body in sufficient time for duplication and forwarding to all location sites where public access will be provided shall be made available to the public at the time of the meeting. Minutes of all meetings held by telephonic or video means shall be recorded as required by ¤ 2.1-343. Votes taken during any meeting conducted through telephonic or video means shall be recorded by name in roll-call fashion and included in the minutes. In addition, the public body shall make an audio recording of the meeting, if a telephonic medium is used, or an audio/visual recording, if the meeting is held by video means. The recording shall be preserved by the public body for a period of three years following the date of the meeting and shall be available to the public.

E. No more than twenty-five percent of all meetings held annually by a public body, including meetings of any ad hoc or standing committees, may be held by telephonic or video means. Any public body which meets by telephonic or video means shall file with the Director of the Department of Information Technology by July 1 of each year a statement identifying the total number of meetings held during the preceding fiscal year, the dates on which the meetings were held and the number and purpose of those conducted through telephonic or video means.

F. Notwithstanding the limitations imposed by subsection E of this section, a public body may meet by telephonic or video means as often as needed if an emergency exists and the public body is unable to meet in regular session. As used in this subsection emergency means an unforeseen circumstance rendering the notice required by this section, or by ¤ 2.1-343 of this chapter, impossible or impracticable and which circumstance requires immediate action. Public bodies conducting emergency meetings through telephonic or video means shall comply with the provisions of subsection D requiring minutes, recordation and preservation of the audio or audio/visual recording of the meeting. The basis for the emergency shall be stated in the minutes.

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2.1-343.2. Transaction of public business other than by votes at meetings prohibited
Unless otherwise specifically provided by law, no vote of any kind of the membership, or any part thereof, of any public body shall be taken to authorize the transaction of any public business, other than a vote taken at a meeting conducted in accordance with the provisions of this chapter. Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing contained herein shall be construed to prohibit separately contacting the membership, or any part thereof, of any public body for the purpose of ascertaining a member's position with respect to the transaction of public business.

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2.1-344. Executive or closed meetings
A. Public bodies are not required to conduct executive or closed meetings. However, should a public body determine that an executive or closed meeting is desirable, such meeting shall be held only for the following purposes:
1. Discussion, consideration or interviews of prospective candidates for employment; assignment, appointment, promotion, performance, demotion, salaries, disciplining or resignation of specific public officers, appointees or employees of any public body; and evaluation of performance of departments or schools of state institutions of higher education where such matters regarding such specific individuals might be affected by such evaluation. Any teacher shall be permitted to be present during an executive session or closed meeting in which there is a discussion or consideration of a disciplinary matter which involves the teacher and some student or students and the student or students involved in the matter are present, provided the teacher makes a written request to be present to the presiding officer of the appropriate board.
2. Discussion or consideration of admission or disciplinary matters concerning any student or students of any state institution of higher education or any state school system.

However, any such student, legal counsel and, if the student is a minor, the student's parents or legal guardians shall be permitted to be present during the taking of testimony or presentation of evidence at an executive or closed meeting, if such student, parents or guardians so request in writing and such request is submitted to the presiding officer of the appropriate board.

3. Discussion or consideration of the condition, acquisition or use of real property for public purpose, or of the disposition of publicly held property, or of plans for the future of a state institution of higher education which could affect the value of property owned or desirable for ownership by such institution.

4. The protection of the privacy of individuals in personal matters not related to public business.

5. Discussion concerning a prospective business or industry or expansion of an existing business or industry where no previous announcement has been made of the business' or industry's interest in locating or expanding its facilities in the community.

6. The investing of public funds where competition or bargaining is involved, where, if made public initially, the financial interest of the governmental unit would be adversely affected.

7. Consultation with legal counsel and briefings by staff members, consultants or attorneys, pertaining to actual or probable litigation, or other specific legal matters requiring the provision of legal advice by counsel.

8. In the case of boards of visitors of state institutions of higher education, discussion or consideration of matters relating to gifts, bequests and fund-raising activities, and grants and contracts for services or work to be performed by such institution. However, the terms and conditions of any such gifts, bequests, grants and contracts made by a foreign government, a foreign legal entity or a foreign person and accepted by a state institution of higher education shall be subject to public disclosure upon written request to the appropriate board of visitors. For the purpose of this subdivision, (i) foreign government means any government other than the United States government or the government of a state or a political subdivision thereof; (ii) foreign legal entity means any legal entity created under the laws of the United States or of any state thereof if a majority of the ownership of the stock of such legal entity is owned by foreign governments or foreign persons or if a majority of the membership of any such entity is composed of foreign persons or foreign legal entities, or any legal entity created under the laws of a foreign government; and (iii) foreign person means any individual who is not a citizen or national of the United States or a trust territory or protectorate thereof.

9. In the case of the boards of trustees of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts and The Science Museum of Virginia, discussion or consideration of matters relating to specific gifts, bequests, and grants.

10. Discussion or consideration of honorary degrees or special awards.

11. Discussion or consideration of tests or examinations or other documents excluded from this chapter pursuant to ¤ 2.1-342 B 9.

12. Discussion, consideration or review by the appropriate House or Senate committees of possible disciplinary action against a member arising out of the possible inadequacy of the disclosure statement filed by the member, provided the member may request in writing that the committee meeting not be conducted in executive session.

13. Discussion of strategy with respect to the negotiation of a siting agreement or to consider the terms, conditions, and provisions of a siting agreement if the governing body in open meeting finds that an open meeting will have a detrimental effect upon the negotiating position of the governing body or the establishment of the terms, conditions and provisions of the siting agreement, or both. All discussions with the applicant or its representatives may be conducted in a closed meeting or executive session.

14. Discussion by the Governor and any economic advisory board reviewing forecasts of economic activity and estimating general and nongeneral fund revenues.

15. Discussion or consideration of medical and mental records excluded from this chapter pursuant to ¤ 2.1-342 B 3, and those portions of disciplinary proceedings by any regulatory board within the Department of Professional and Occupational Regulation or Department of Health Professions conducted pursuant to ¤ 9-6.14:11 or ¤ 9-6.14:12 during which the board deliberates to reach a decision.

16. Discussion, consideration or review of State Lottery Department matters related to proprietary lottery game information and studies or investigations exempted from disclosure under subdivisions 37 and 38 of subsection B of ¤ 2.1-342.

17. Those portions of meetings by local government crime commissions where the identity of, or information tending to identify, individuals providing information about crimes or criminal activities under a promise of anonymity is discussed or disclosed.

18. Discussion, consideration, review and deliberations by local community corrections resources boards regarding the placement in community diversion programs of individuals previously sentenced to state correctional facilities.

19. [Repealed.]

20. Those portions of meetings in which the Board of Corrections discusses or discloses the identity of, or information tending to identify, any prisoner who (i) provides information about crimes or criminal activities, (ii) renders assistance in preventing the escape of another prisoner or in the apprehension of an escaped prisoner, or (iii) voluntarily or at the instance of a prison official renders other extraordinary services, the disclosure of which is likely to jeopardize the prisoner's life or safety.

21. Discussion of plans to protect public safety as it relates to terrorist activity.

22. In the case of corporations organized by the Virginia Retirement System, discussion or consideration of (i) proprietary information provided by, and financial information concerning, coventurers, partners, lessors, lessees, or investors, and (ii) the condition, acquisition, disposition, use, leasing, development, coventuring, or management of real estate the disclosure of which would have a substantial adverse impact on the value of such real estate or result in a competitive disadvantage to the corporation or subsidiary.

23. Those portions of meetings in which individual child death cases are discussed by the State Child Fatality Review Team established pursuant to ¤ 32.1-283.1.

24. Those portions of meetings of the University of Virginia Board of Visitors and those portions of meetings of any persons to whom management responsibilities for the University of Virginia Medical Center have been delegated, in which there is discussed proprietary, business-related information pertaining to the operations of the University of Virginia Medical Center, including its business development or marketing strategies and its activities with existing or future joint venturers, partners, or other parties with whom the University of Virginia Medical Center has formed, or forms, any arrangement for the delivery of health care, if disclosure of such information would be harmful to the competitive position of the Medical Center.

25. In the case of the Medical College of Virginia Hospitals Authority, discussion or consideration of any of the following: the condition, acquisition, use or disposition of real or personal property; operational plans that could affect the value of property, real or personal, owned or desirable for ownership by the Authority; matters relating to gifts, bequests and fund-raising activities; grants and contracts for services or work to be performed by the Authority; marketing or operational strategies where disclosure of such strategies would be harmful to the competitive position of the Authority; members of its medical and teaching staffs and qualifications for appointments thereto; and qualifications or evaluations of other employees.

26. Those portions of the meetings of the Intervention Program Committee within the Department of Health Professions to the extent such discussions identify any practitioner who may be, or who actually is, impaired pursuant to Chapter 25.1( ¤ 54.1-2515 et seq.) of Title 54.1.

27. Those meetings or portions of meetings of the Board of the Virginia Higher Education Tuition Trust Fund wherein personal information, as defined in ¤ 2.1-379, which has been provided to the Board or its employees by or on behalf of individuals who have requested information about, applied for, or entered into prepaid tuition contracts pursuant to Chapter 4.9 ( ¤ 23-38.75 et seq.) of Title 23 is discussed.

B. No resolution, ordinance, rule, contract, regulation or motion adopted, passed or agreed to in an executive or closed meeting shall become effective unless the public body, following the meeting, reconvenes in open meeting and takes a vote of the membership on such resolution, ordinance, rule, contract, regulation or motion which shall have its substance reasonably identified in the open meeting. This section shall not be construed to (i) require the disclosure of any contract between the Intervention Program Committee within the Department of Health Professions and an impaired practitioner entered into pursuant to Chapter 25.1 of Title 54.1 or (ii) require the board of directors of any authority created pursuant to the Industrial Development and Revenue Bond Act ( ¤ 15.1-1373 et seq.), or any public body empowered to issue industrial revenue bonds by general or special law, to identify a business or industry to which subdivision A 5 of this section applies. However, such business or industry must be identified as a matter of public record at least thirty days prior to the actual date of the board's authorization of the sale or issuance of such bonds.

C. Public officers improperly selected due to the failure of the public body to comply with the other provisions of this section shall be de facto officers and, as such, their official actions are valid until they obtain notice of the legal defect in their election.

D. Nothing in this section shall be construed to prevent the holding of conferences between two or more public bodies, or their representatives, but these conferences shall be subject to the same regulations for holding executive or closed sessions as are applicable to any other public body.

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2.1-344.1. Call of closed or executive meetings; certification of proceedings
A. No meeting shall become an executive or closed meeting unless the public body proposing to convene such meeting shall have taken an affirmative recorded vote in open session to that effect, by motion stating specifically the purpose or purposes which are to be the subject of the meeting, and reasonably identifying the substance of the matters to be discussed. A statement shall be included in the minutes of the open meeting which shall make specific reference to the applicable exemption or exemptions from open meeting requirements provided in subsection A of ¤ 2.1-344 or in ¤ 2.1-345, and the matters contained in such motion shall be set forth in those minutes. A general reference to the provisions of this chapter or authorized exemptions from open meeting requirements shall not be sufficient to satisfy the requirements for an executive or closed meeting.
B. The notice provisions of this chapter shall not apply to executive or closed meetings of any public body held solely for the purpose of interviewing candidates for the position of chief administrative officer. Prior to any such executive or closed meeting for the purpose of interviewing candidates the public body shall announce in an open meeting that such executive or closed meeting shall be held at a disclosed or undisclosed location within fifteen days thereafter.

C. The public body holding an executive or closed meeting shall restrict its consideration of matters during the closed portions only to those purposes specifically exempted from the provisions of this chapter.

D. At the conclusion of any executive or closed meeting convened hereunder, the public body holding such meeting shall reconvene in open session immediately thereafter and shall take a roll call or other recorded vote to be included in the minutes of that body, certifying that to the best of the member's knowledge (i) only public business matters lawfully exempted from open meeting requirements under this chapter, and (ii) only such public business matters as were identified in the motion by which the executive or closed meeting was convened were heard, discussed or considered in the meeting by the public body. Any member of the public body who believes that there was a departure from the requirements of subdivisions (i) and (ii) above, shall so state prior to the vote, indicating the substance of the departure that, in his judgment, has taken place. The statement shall be recorded in the minutes of the public body.

E. Failure of the certification required by subsection D, above, to receive the affirmative vote of a majority of the members of the public body present during a closed or executive session shall not affect the validity or confidentiality of such meeting with respect to matters considered therein in compliance with the provisions of this chapter. The recorded vote and any statement made in connection therewith, shall upon proper authentication, constitute evidence in any proceeding brought to enforce this chapter.

F. A public body may permit nonmembers to attend an executive or closed meeting if such persons are deemed necessary or if their presence will reasonably aid the public body in its consideration of a topic which is a subject of the meeting.

G. Except as specifically authorized by law, in no event may any public body take action on matters discussed in any executive or closed meeting, except at a public meeting for which notice was given as required by ¤ 2.1-343.

H. Minutes may be taken during executive or closed sessions of a public body, but shall not be required. Such minutes shall not be subject to mandatory public disclosure.

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2.1-345. Public bodies to which chapter inapplicable
The provisions of this chapter shall not be applicable to the Virginia Parole Board, petit juries, grand juries, family assessment and planning teams established pursuant to ¤ 2.1-753, and the Virginia State Crime Commission. However, information from the Virginia Parole Board providing the number of inmates considered by the Parole Board for discretionary parole, the number of inmates granted or denied parole, and the number of parolees returned to the custody of the Department of Corrections solely as a result of a determination by the Board of a violation of parole, shall be open to inspection and available for release, on a monthly basis, as provided in ¤ 2.1-342. Such information shall be furnished by offense, sex, race, age of the inmates, and the locality in which the conviction was obtained, upon the request of the party seeking the information.

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2.1-346. Proceedings for enforcement of chapter
Any person, including the attorney for the Commonwealth acting in his official or individual capacity, denied the rights and privileges conferred by this chapter may proceed to enforce such rights and privileges by filing a petition for mandamus or injunction, supported by an affidavit showing good cause, addressed to the general district court or the court of record of the county or city from which the public body has been elected or appointed to serve and in which such rights and privileges were so denied. Failure by any person to request and receive notice of the time and place of meetings as provided in ¤ 2.1-343 shall not preclude any person from enforcing his or her rights and privileges conferred by this chapter.

Any petition alleging denial of rights and privileges conferred by this chapter by a board, bureau, commission, authority, district or agency of the state government or by a standing or other committee of the General Assembly, shall be addressed to the General District Court or the Circuit Court of the residence of the aggrieved party or of the City of Richmond. A petition for mandamus or injunction under this chapter shall be heard within seven days of the date when the same is made. However, any petition made outside of the regular terms of the circuit court of a county which is included in a judicial circuit with another county or counties, the hearing on the petition shall be given precedence on the docket of such court over all cases which are not otherwise given precedence by law. The petition shall allege with reasonable specificity the circumstances of the denial of the rights and privileges conferred by this chapter. A single instance of denial of the rights and privileges conferred by this chapter shall be sufficient to invoke the remedies granted herein. If the court finds the denial to be in violation of the provisions of this chapter, the petitioner shall be entitled to recover reasonable costs and attorney's fees from the public body if the petitioner substantially prevails on the merits of the case, unless special circumstances would make an award unjust. In making this determination, a court may consider, among other things, the reliance of a public body on an opinion of the Attorney General or a decision of a court that substantially supports the public body's position. The court may also impose appropriate sanctions in favor of the public body as provided in ¤ 8.01-271.1.

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2.1-346.1. Violations and penalties
In a proceeding commenced against members of public bodies under ¤ 2.1-346 for a violation of ¤ ¤ 2.1-342, 2.1-343, 2.1-343.1, 2.1-344 or ¤ 2.1-344.1, the court, if it finds that a violation was willfully and knowingly made, shall impose upon such member in his individual capacity, whether a writ of mandamus or injunctive relief is awarded or not, a civil penalty of not less than $25 nor more than $1,000, which amount shall be paid into the State Literary Fund. For a second or subsequent violation, such civil penalty shall be not less than $250 nor more than $1,000.

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